In many agronomic and vegetable cropping systems the use of insecticides is the primary strategy employed to control bemisia tabaci. Whitefly bemisia tabaci management program for ornamental plants1 vivek kumar, cristi palmer, cindy l. Numbers following the localities correspond to the numbers indicated in the map figure 1. Silverleaf whitefly, formerly known as bemsia argentifolii, is now officially recognized as the b biotype. Bemisia tabaci, being possibly of indian origin fishpool and burban, 1994, was described under numerous names before its morphological variability was recognised. The whiteflies bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum hemiptera aleyrodidae are harmful pests of vegetable and. The bemisia middle eastasia minor 1 meam1, or b cryptic species is highly invasive and has emerged as a ma jor pest in the united states, caribbean basin, latin america. Pdf bemisia tabaci has long been considered a complex species. Crop protection 25 2006 574584 concentration and management of bemisia tabaci in cantaloupe as a trap crop for cotton s. Biological traits and life table parameters a and b biotype. Bemisia tabaci is one of the most economically important agricultural and horticultural pests in the world. Bemisia tabaci, being arrhenotokous, is capable of laying unfertilised eggs, but these will develop into males only. Dna barcode development for three recent exotic whitefly. Shatters jr rg, powell ca, boykin lm, liansheng h, mckenzie cl.
Aleyrodidae byrne and miller 1990 and cotton whitefly b. This has been particularly evident in the united states during the past decade where b. Insecticidal control and resistance management for bemisia tabaci. Aleyrodidae, is an important pest of agricultural and horticultural crops in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. As part of a coordinated countrywide effort, an extensive survey of b. This study aimed to trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood, respectively. The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant viruses.
The host plant preference varies among the host plants. Bemisia tabaci, silverleaf whitefly, is a pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops. Bemisia tabaci a strain of pest accidentally imported into florida from the middle east then spread to california where it is a very serious pest. In whitefly of the world, a systematic catalog of the aleyrodidae homoptera with host plant and natural enemy data. Abstract after the 2004 discovery of the bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Laboratory populations of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, have been shown to consist of both migratory and trivial flying morphs. The ratio between these and fertilised eggs changes with various conditions, ashasbeen shown by several workers who conducted sexratio counts under field conditions. Aleyrodidae is one of the worlds top 100 invasive organisms found on over 900 host plants all around the world. Aleyrodidae biotype b and their implication to field sample population data.
Whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, is polyhagous pest known to feed and transmit viral diseases to more than 600 plant species worldwide. Several species of parasitoid wasps have also proven to be effective biological control agents. The program provides guidance on best management practices, including scouting, sanitation, exclusion, biological control, and. Med wf detections 2016 includes the first residential landscape and field detections pdf file. Ellsworthb a usdaars, aridland agricultural research center, 21881 north cardon lane, maricopa, az 858, usa. The whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is one of the most prolific pests of vegetables and ornamentals throughout the world. The ecology of the bemisia tabacicassavaafrican cassava mosaic virus acmv.
Jun 01, 2015 shatters jr rg, powell ca, boykin lm, liansheng h, mckenzie cl. In addition to direct feeding damage by adults and nymphs, the insect is known to vector over 110 plant viruses, causes debilitating plant. Bemisia tabaci gennadius and greenhouse whitefly, between insects and plants 6. The sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci hemiptera. Research on the bemisia pest problems over the past 25 years has shown that the species called bemisia tabaci is actually a number of biotypes or races. All photos included on this page can only be used for educational purposes. Behavioral responses of whitefly, bemisia tabaci hemiptera. Bernisia tabaci is believed to be a species complex, with a number of recognised biotypes and two described extant cryptic species. Bemisia tabaci populations from different locations and their respective host plants.
Insects were marked in a field of melons using fluorescent dust during two consecutive growing seasons. Jan 19, 2009 bemisia tabaci gennadius biotype b, called a superbug, is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide. Although several species of whitefly may cause some crop losses simply by sucking sap when they are very numerous, the major harm they do is. The whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius is a genetically diverse complex containing some of the most destructive invasive pests of many ornamental and glasshouse crops worldwide 1, 2. The refseq genome records for bemisia tabaci were annotated by the ncbi eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies. Performance assessment of cotton cultivars against population dynamics of bemisia tabaci and thrips tabaci. Bemisia tabaci is an extremely polyphagous pest that causes direct damage and can act as a vector of viral plant diseases. Considerable research has been done on the taxonomy of bemisia tabaci, and perring 2001 proposed 7 distinct groups within the complex.
Twenty years ago in 1986, florida experienced outbreaks of what is now known as bemisia tabaci biotype b, first in greenhouse poinsettia, then in a wide diversity of vegetable, ornamental and agronomic crops throughout the state. Bemisia tabaci definition of bemisia tabaci by the free. Mortality factors affecting populations of sweetpotato. Your use of this pdf, the bioone web site, and all posted and associated content indicates. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a copy to eppo. The silverleaf whitefly, bemisia argentifolii bellows and perring bellows et al.
Aleyrodidae q biotype in the united states, there was an urgent need to determine its distribution. Life cycle of bemisia tabaci features of the fourth instar nymph of b. The first nymphal instar is capable of limited movement and is called the crawler. Silverleaf whitefly, bemisia tabaci predators such as lacewing larvae, lady beetles and larvae, mites, and spiders naturally control silverleaf whitefly populations. Among the most important plant viruses to be transmitted by b. Bemisia tabaci noun a strain of pest accidentally imported into florida from the middle east then spread to california where it is a very serious pest feeding on almost all vegetable crops and poinsettias. Insecticide efficacy for bemisia tabaci q and b biotypes on poinsettia. Detection of bemisia tabaci gennadius q biotype in. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams.
Epg signals were digitized with a di710ul analoguetodigital converter dataq instruments, akron, oh, the usa, and the output was acquired. Bemisia tabaci gennadius biotype b, called a superbug, is one of the most harmful biotypes of this species complex worldwide. The contribution of conservation biological control to. Changes in bemisia tabaci feeding behaviors caused.
Pdf bemisia tabaci gennadius currently is believed to be a species complex, with many biotypes and two described extant cryptic species. For publication in journals, books or magazines, permission should be obtained from the original photographers with a. Localized migration and dispersal by the sweet potato. Genetic diversity of bemisia tabaci 219 table i host plants, sites where whitefly populations were collected, b. Abstract distribution and biotypes of bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera.
Apr 11, 2006 the past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant viruses. Bemisia tabaci gennadius or bemisia argentifolii bellows. Improved dna barcoding method for bemisia tabaci and related aleyrodidae. The sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius fig. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. Performance assessment of cotton cultivars against. Chemical control of the whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius, and its effeci on tomato yellow leaf curl virus summary laboratoly and field expreriments were conducted during 197880 to evaluate the effectiveness of arganophosphor.
Retrospective evaluation of the biological control program. Rapid identification of trialeurodes vaporariorum, bemisia tabaci. Issn 23207078 structure of the whitefly bemisia tabaci. Soon similar outbreaks were reported from other states and. The use of climate matching to direct foreign exploration led to discovery of b. It is currently recognized as a complex of cryptic species with world wide distribution. Review article biological control of bemisia tabaci using. In this report, the invasive mechanism and management of b. Tomato yellow leaf curl china virus tylccnv affects b. Changes in bemisia tabaci feeding behaviors caused directly and. Concentration and management of bemisia tabaci in cantaloupe.
The activity of natural enemies can be exploited by employing proper conservation and augmentation techniques. African ancestry of new world, bemisia tabaci whitefly species. Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, a major pest of greenhouse fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals. Pdf thermal requirements for development of bemisia. Thermal requirements for development of bemisia tabaci hemiptera. Aleyrodidae, is a polyphagous pest of vegetable and ornamental crops, with a wide distribution that encompasses all tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and a reported host range including over 500 plant species 1. The silverleaf whitefly, formerly known as bemisia tabaci biotype b, but now widely known as middle eastasia minor 1 species was first identified as a new strain of b.
Host plants bemisia tabaci feeds on an extremely wide. The behavior of these forms as part of the process of shortrange migration was examined under field conditions. Q biotype whiteflies, more properly known as bemisia tabaci. The species complex colonizes more than 600 different species of plants, transmits many plant viruses, feeds on phloem sap, and promotes the growth of damaging. We report here the discovery of five new subsaharan africa ssa b. Photograph by james castner, university of florida. Bemisia tabaci translation latinenglish dictionary. Bemisia tabaci bemitadocuments eppo global database. The silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci, also informally referred to as the sweet potato whitefly is one of several species of whitefly that are currently important agricultural pests. A retrospective evaluation of the biological control program for bemisia tabaci biotype b in the u. Each biotype has a slightly different genetic makeup and different geographical distribution. Bemisia tabaci may be native to india but the evidence is inconclusive, and it is now cosmopolitan. There has been some confusion when referring to the different whitefly species andor biotypes of bemisia. Transcriptome profiling of the whitefly bemisia tabaci.
Biological control of bemisia tabaci using predators and. Bemisia tabaci synonyms, bemisia tabaci pronunciation, bemisia tabaci translation, english dictionary definition of bemisia tabaci. Feeding by adults and larvae causes chlorotic spotting, growth distortion, and premature leaf drop. It causes damage directly by feeding and indirectly by honeydew egestion and virus transmission. Distribution of bemisia tabaci midflorida research and education. Invasive mechanism and management strategy of bemisia tabaci. The contribution of conservation biological control to integrated control of bemisia tabaci in cottonq steven e. The genus bemisia contains 37 species and is thought to have originated from asia mound and halsey, 1978.