Abstract phytoremediation, the use of green plants to clean up polluted soil and water resources has received much attention in the last few years. Pdf heavy metal uptake potential of aquatic plants through. Performance of aquatic plant species for phytoremediation. Potential use in phytoremediation of three plant species growing on contaminated minetailings soils in sardinia. This plant based technology has gained acceptance in the past ten years as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly technology. The first article on phytoremediation was written by scientists at rutgers university about the use of speciallyselected and engineered metalaccumulating plants used to clean polluted soils. Phytoremediation, an ecofriendly technology which is both ecologically sound and economically viable is an attractive alternative to the current cleanup methods that are very expensive. Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems and its. Use of vegetation, soil and micro biota along with other agrochemical practices makes the vegetative remediation an appealing green technology.
Phytoremediation is an emerging bioremediation technology that uses the plant to remove contaminants from soil and water. The uptake, accumulation and degradation of contaminants vary from plant to plant. Unlike other kinds of remediation plants, ornamental plants grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects have been an important source of remediation plants in recent years. This initiated studies on phytoremediation using aquatic plants. Phytoremediation of metals is a costeffective green technology based on the use of specially selected metalaccumulating plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water. The plants used for phytoremediation technology selectively metabolize or absorbed contaminates from the soil, water or other growth matrix. Phytoremediation is the name given to a set of technologies that use different plants as a containment, destruction, or an extraction technique.
Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Over the last two decades, some researchers and gardeners turned to sunflowers helianthus annuus as a potential tool for phytoremediation, which uses plants or a biologically laden material such as compost to remediate contamination sunflowers to the rescue. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using. Dec 24, 2007 a successful phytoremediation program, therefore, must take into consideration variations in soil properties of the specific site. Phytodegradation, or phytotransformation, is the use of plants to uptake, store and degrade organic pollutants. The plants can be used for the phytoremediation, these mechanisms include enhanced rhizosphere biodegradation, hydraulic control, phytodegradation and phytovolatilization. The technique of rhizofiltration is used for the remediation of waste water by aquatic or land plants henry, 2000. One possible step in the phytoremediation process is adsorpti on of the organic contaminant onto the surface of the roots and subsequent uptake andor degradation. Introduction to phytoremediation science inventory us. Reports of a leadcontaminated water supply in flint, michigan, stimulated new public health concerns about lead exposure. Explore phytoremediation with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format.
The objectives of this paper are to discuss the potential of phytoremediation technique on treating heavy metalcontaminated side, to provide a brief view about heavy metals uptake mechanisms by plant, to give some description about the performance of several types of plants to uptake heavy metals and to describe about the fate of heavy metals. Phytoremediation cape cod green infrastructure guide. Wetland plants are important tools for heavy metal removal. Phytoremediation, heavy metals, hyper accumulators, transgenic plants. Many other aquatic plants are also of use to men as food, raw materials for industrial processes, building materials and manure in agriculture. Phytoremediation is useful for mitigating nitrogen before it infiltrates groundwater or surface water.
It designates all vegetation based remediation measures. According to the international phytotechnology society website, phytotechnology is defined as the science of using plants to solve environmental problems such as pollution, reforestation, biofuels, and landfilling. A narrower definition of phytomining is the use of plants to obtain an economic return from metals extracted by a plant, whether from contaminated soils or from. Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and byproduct utilization. Plants can be used as cheap phytoremedients in comparison to conventional technologies.
This report summarizes much of that research in order to provide the site manager, owner, regulator, or. Biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals by macrophytes. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle. Phytoremediation for ecosystem restoration advanced. Phytoremediation is a time specific technology, as this requires sufficient time for plant growth, then binding process for facilitating the immobilization and degrading the contaminants. Humancaused environmental degradation has created widespread ecological, economic, and social problems around the world. The commercial use of phytoremediation is acceptable way to refine contaminated regions, so the role of macrophytes in the heavy metal cycling, in aquatic. Phytoremediation to clean the water instead of chemicals. Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. By using plants to clean up contaminated soil and water, phytoremediation combats pollution in an environmentallyfriendly and aesthetically pleasing. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water, or air. To minimise such risk, phytoremediation comes into play.
Aquatic plants absorb dissolved minerials and enrich water with oxygen produced during photosynthesis. The use of plants to cleanse waters contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants dates back hundreds of years and has been the basis for the present use of constructed wetlands in treating municipal and industrial waste streams. Also explore the seminar topics paper on phytoremediation with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year chemical engineering chem or ieee chemical btech, be, mtech students for the year 2015 2016. The ultimate goal is to use plants to reduce the risk of human exposure. A number of terrestrial and aquatic plants are known to be. Phytoremediation, the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water, soil, and air, is an important part of the new field of ecological engineering. Phytoremediation phyto means plant is a generic term for the group of technologies that use plants for remediating soils, sludges, sediments and water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. Jun 17, 2015 this study investigates the effectiveness of aquatic macrophyte and microphyte for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated with high arsenic concentration. Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site. The use of aquatic macrophytes, such as azolla with hyper accumulating ability is known to be an environmentally friendly option to restore polluted aquatic resources. Finally, a matrix is provided to allow easy screening of the abstracted references. This topic has been the subject of sporadic research for twenty five years, and a great deal of research over the last ten years.
Rhizofiltration involves the use of plant to clean various aquatic environments. However, the effect of using genetically modified organisms for phytoremediation is a poorly researched topic in terms of microbial community structures, despite the important role of. Plants with more than one bcf and high roottoshoot metal translocation, as displayed by brake fern pteris vittata, are ideal for phytoremediation and also relate to the plant to act as a hyperaccumulator pandey 2012. Cannabis is a healing plant by nature, but allowing poor practices is sure to ruin a good thing. The concentration of arsenic in control wild macrophytes was below detectable limit.
Abstract discharge of industrial effluents in aquatic environments is a serious threat to life due to toxic heavy metals. Pdf wastewater treatment by phytoremediation methods. Pb, cd, cu, ni, zn and cr can be extracted using rhizofiltration. Phytoremediation plants, advantages, process, scope, limits. Several aquatic plants have been shown to have the ability to filter contaminants on polluted water brooks and robinson, 1998. Ecological potential of plants for phytoremediation and. Pdf polluted soil and water impact the quality of food and nutrients of human and animal biota.
Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of. This research investigated the possibility of achieving soil cleanup using native plants that also provided aboveground benefits, including wildlife habitat. Phytoremediation of copper contaminated water using elodea. A plant has a potential for accumulating, immobilizing, and transforming a low level of persistent contaminants. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page.
Request pdf phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants. Phytoremediation is vast, emerging term which has been used in recent. It can be used to detoxify sites containing metals, pesticides, solvents, explosives, crude oil, hydrocarbons, and landfill leachates. Three macrophytes azolla pinnata, lemna minor, and hydrilla verticillata were exposed to 1. A few examples of plants that are employed for rhizofiltration are sunflower, tobacco, spinach, rye and indian mustard.
May 30, 2019 professor brooks work on heavy metal hyperaccumulation by plants led to questions as to how this knowledge could be used to clean polluted soils. Phytoremediation may be applied to polluted soil or static water environment. Ground water, januaryfebruary 2005 an indispensable reference to practical case studies. A variety of naturally occurring and specially selected plant species are used in phytoremediation. Compared to other methods used to remove toxic substances from soils, phytoremediation is often less expensive, although it may take. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation.
Phytoremediation techniques in wastewater treatment. A list of plants used in phytoremediation is given in table 9. Plants can be used for pollutant stabilization, extraction, degradation, or volatilization. Phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated water intechopen. The plants used in phytoremediation are generally selected on the basis of their growth rate and. Role of aquatic plant species in cleaning water bodies was also explored. Examples where phytoremediation has been used successfully include the restoration of abandoned metal mine workings, and sites where polychlorinated biphenyls have been dumped during manufacture and mitigation of ongoing coal mine discharges reducing the impact of contaminants in soils, water. Phytoremediation is a relatively new technology that offers clear. In situ and ex situ applications are governed by site soil and water characteristics, nutrient sustainability, meteorology, hydrology, feasible ecosystems, and contaminant. At metals contaminated sites, plants are used either to stabilise or remove the metals from the soil and ground water through mechanisms such as phytoextraction. Many of the aquatic plant species showed potential to treat domestic, municipal and industrial wastewaters and hence their use in constructed wetlands for treating wastewaters was emphasized. It also provides a brief summary of phytoremediation. Effect of genetically modified poplars on soil microbial.
Hence, the needs for this study phytoremediation a more environment friendly technique. Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and ground water at. Water hyacinth is just beginning to be used for phytoremediation which is. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination. In plain english, phytoremediation is the use of plants to stabilize and reduce contamination in a variety of substrates, including soils, sludge, sediments, and water. Khara 1 department of marine biology, graduate school of marine science and technology, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran. Phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention and is a promising technology for addressing soil contamination problems. For example, water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes has been used for purifying not only domestic wastewater but also industrial wastewater. Phytoremediation of lead from wastewater using aquatic plants. Phytoremediation is being used successfully in france, where bamboo groves are being used to clean food industrys grey water. Recently, the use of aquatic plants especially micro and macro algae has received much attention due to their ability to absorption of metals and taking up toxic elements from the. Phytoremediation is a broad term that has been used since 1991 to describe the use of plants to reduce the volume, mobility, or toxicity of contaminants in soil, groundwater, or other contaminated media usepa, 2000. What works, what doesnt, bioscience, volume 67, issue 9, september 2017. Lead is highly toxic and can cause neurological problems.
Phytoremediation can be used to decontaminate large areas without damaging the land. Water plants characteristic for phytoremediation of acid mine. Water plants used for phytoremediation aquatic plants macrophytes are often used in phytoremediation. Plants, used as remediation techniques, take up the heavy metals to produce an internal concentration greater than. Assessment of autochthonous aquatic macrophytes with phytoremediation potential for dairy wastewater treatment in floating constructed wetlands. Phytoremediation processes rely on the ability of plants to take up andor metabolize pollutants to less toxic substances. These plants are commonly found throughout poland and constitute an essential component of wetlands dordio and carvalho 20. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle ranocloides, ceratophyllum demersum of anzali lagoon 1l.
Phytoremediation, a subcategory of phytotechnology, uses plants to absorb pollutants from soils or from water. Also, the assessment of water purity is often based on the environmental characteristics of macrophyte populations. Phytoremediation process, water hyacinth, sewage treatment. Plants for phytoremediation phytoremediation involves the use of plants to remove, transfer, stabilize andor degrade contaminants in soil, sediment, and water hughes et al. Jan 23, 2015 phytoremediation of heavy metals by calcifying macroalgae anthropogenic activities release heavy metals into water bodies which can lead to imbalancement of the ecosystem. System used multilevel methods to be more effective in lowering the levels. The application of transgenic plants to clean up environmental pollution caused by the wastes of heavy metal mining is a promising method for removing metal pollutants from soils. It is used of plants and trees to clean up polluted soil and water. Phytoremediation can be defined as the efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilise environmental contaminants in a growth matrix soil, water or.
Key findings of this technology evaluation show that phytoremediation has successfully been applied. Phytoremediation is defined as a process of decontaminating soil and aquatic systems by using plants, fungi or algae to absorb heavy metals. Different approaches have been used or developed to mitigatereclaim the heavy metal polluted soils and waters including the landfilldamping sites. Phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophyte, azolla. Plants with exceptional metalaccumulating capacity are known as hyperaccumulator plants 5. Both public and private interest in environmental remediation strongly foster research discoveries. Phytoremediation can be used as an insitu or exsitu application. Sep 26, 2003 the detail and broad range of topics make this book useful for students as well as regulatory experts and people actively working in the field of phytoremediation.
Phytoremediation uses plants to clean up pollution in the environment. Phytoremediation offers owners and managers of metal contami. Phytoremediation does not require any expensive instruments or skilled person. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants international. Phytostabilization, where plants are used to stabilize rather than clean contaminated soil. Phytoremediation for environmental clean up envis centre on. Growing and, in some cases, harvesting plants on a contaminated site as a remediation method is an aesthetically. Jun 21, 2011 it clearly pointed out some generalizations such as existence of a wide variation with respect to the amount of heavy metal accumulation by different plants indicating that phytoremediation potential of aquatic plants is dependent upon the tolerance level and toxicity of plant genera or species employed in a particular study. This technology is environmental friendly and potentially costeffective. Insitu application is often encouraged because it minimizes distribution of soil and reduces spread of contaminants. Phytoremediation of polluted waterbodies with aquatic plants. Phytoextraction removes metals or organics from soils by accumulating them in the biomass of plants. The present study was conducted to check the phytoremediation capability of two freefloating plants, i. Aquatic plants are being used to remediate heavy metal contaminated wastewater.
Plants are used either to remove or to stabilize hold in place pollution in the soil. Phytoremediation is a set of processes that uses plants to remove, transfer, stabilize and destroy organicinorganic contamination in ground water, surface water, and soil. Phytoremediation of lead in residential soils in dorchester, ma lead paint was widely used until 1978. Soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and other toxins pose large environmental and human health hazards. Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. This technology involves efficient use of aquatic plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize heavy metals. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental.
It clearly pointed out some generalizations such as existence of a wide variation with respect to the amount of heavy metal accumulation by different plants indicating that phytoremediation potential of aquatic plants is dependent upon the tolerance level and toxicity of plant genera or species employed in a particular study. Because of the process of phytoremediation, this starts with organic soils and clean water. Aquatic plants can be used as the natural catalysts to absorb and accumulate. Phytoremediation of wastewater green wastewater treatment. Phytoremediation process is the use of plants to remediate contamination by the uptake of contaminated water by plants. Phytoremediation, the use of plants and their associated microbes for environmental cleanup, has gained acceptance in the past 10 years as a costeffective, noninvasive alternative or complementary technology for engineeringbased remediation methods. Phytoremediation of copper pollution by eight aquatic plants. As other states look to hemp to correct otherwise failing agriculture industries, we must not lose sight of our roots. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to clean up a contamination from soils, sediments, and water. Phytoremediation is the name of a set of technologies that use plants to degrade, extract, or contain contaminants from soil and water. Effects of cadmiumresistant plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria and funneliformis mosseae on the cadmium tolerance of tomato. Higher plants are being used to enhance the remediation of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds, but the mechanisms of dissipation have not been established. Phytoremediation is a recently developed technology that offers a costeffective solution by using plants, and associated soil microbes, to reduce the content, or toxic effects, of contaminants in.
These conventional technologies are not economical and may produce adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Phytoremediation is the direct use of green plants and their associated microorganisms to stabilize or reduce contamination in soil, wastewater, surface water, and ground water. Phytoremediation is the use of various types of plant systems to reduce contamination in soils or waters by removal, degradation, or incorporation of nitrogen. Phytoremediation types of phytoremediation notes pdf. Contaminant accumulation rates in mgkg dry weight binomial name english name hhyperaccumulator or aaccumulator pprecipitator ttolerant. Phytoremediation is a sustainable solution to some of these problems. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and ground water through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. Phytoremediation resource guide pdf 56 pp, 436 k, 1999, 542b99003. There are many mechanisms by which phytoremediation works. Phytoremediation seminar report, ppt, pdf for chemical. The scientific term for the process is called hydroponic phytoremediation. This technology involves efficient use of aquatic plants to remove, detoxify or. This study investigates the effectiveness of aquatic macrophyte and microphyte for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated with high arsenic concentration. Water hyacinth eichhornia crassipes and two algae chlorodesmis sp.